Increase in keratinized gum in posterior sectors of the mandible for long-term stability in implant treatments

Introduction

Increase in keratinized gum in posterior sectors: Although there is still controversy surrounding the role of keratinized mucous membranes around implants, there are more and more studies that observe a correlation between the absence of an adequate band of keratinized gum and different pathologies in the tissues around implants in the medium to long term (greater inflammation, bleeding upon probing, recession and even greater crestal bone loss).

There are studies that justify prior periimplant mucogingival treatment, simultaneous or subsequent to placing the dental implants when a lack of this tissue is detected, with the aim of optimizing the width and thickness of the keratinized mucous membranes and avoiding exposing the implant to adverse conditions. But to do so, like teeth, there are no uniform criteria, although free gingival grafts associated with an apical repositioning flap are considered the gold standard when the purpose of the surgery is to increase the keratinized tissue. Increase in keratinized.

The detailed study of the case and the clinical experience are going to be deciding factors in the treatment plan of the case, making it predictable in the long term, as shown in the case below.

Case presentation

A female patient, aged 62 years, with no medical history of interest, only controlled hypertension, attended the clinic intending to replace her lower removable prosthesis with a fixed restoration.

After an exhaustive examination, observing the distribution of the teeth and bite presented, the patient was offered an orthodontic treatment first to align the teeth and distribute the spaces properly, to then be able to place four dental implants in the posterior edentulate areas.

During the orthodontics stage and the planning of the dental implants, there was found to be insufficient keratinized gum in the vestibular area of the two lower quadrants, which could affect the stability of the long-term treatment.

It was decided to make two free gingival grafts (FGG), prior to the implant surgery, to increase the band of keratinized mucous membrane in the two posterior areas to facilitate the prosthetics procedures and the subsequent maintenance of the implants.

After an 8-week healing period, two submerged Avinent Biomimetic Ocean CC implants of 3.5x11.5 and 4.0x10 were placed in positions 35 and 36 respectively, with simultaneous regeneration of the vestibular part with xenografts and reabsorbable membranes.

In this surgical session the same procedure of placing the submerged implants with healing caps in the other quadrant, placing two Avinent Biomimetic Ocean CC implants of 3.5x11.5 and 4.0x10 in positions 44 and 46 respectively and regenerating the vestibular area with xenografts and reabsorbable membranes.

Five months after the bone regeneration, the second phase of the surgery was performed on the four implants simultaneously, placing healing abutments and suturing to shape the tissues. In this surgery the keratinized tissue was divided in the middle so that the implants had a good band of keratinized tissue on both the vestibular and the lingual side.

Once when the orthodontic treatment had finished, the patient was given a restoration with two splinted implant-supported metal-ceramic crowns in positions 35 and 36 and with a fixed implant-supported bridge of 44 from 46, also in metal and ceramic.

Finally, as the patient's expectations to replace her lower removable prosthesis for a fixed solution were fulfilled, she decided to change the upper bridges for a more aesthetic overall result.

The clinical and x-ray controls 5 years after completing the treatment show complete stability of both hard and soft tissues.

Conclusion

There are more and more studies indicating that implants need an adequate band of keratinized gum to maintain a healthy situation in the long term, above all in patients with inadequate oral hygiene or that do not comply with the periodontal maintenance sessions.

In addition, according to the various studies, it is the posterior areas of the mandible that present less keratinized gum when placing our implants.

Therefore, in this case we can see how a simple Free Gingival Graft surgery can increase the band of keratinized gum around the implants placed and achieve a stable, inflammation-free result for at least 5 years.